Bacterial Endophytes: Diversity, Functional Importance, and Potential for Manipulation

Even though beneficial plant–microbe relationships have been studied for over one century, the recognition of a complex microbiome inhabiting the plant is relatively recent and reveals new opportunities for manipulating plant growth and health. Endophytes, commonly defined as non-pathogenic microorganisms inhabiting the plant interior, constitute an important component of the plant microbiome. Specifically, bacterial endophytes gained research interest only in the past decades, due to their role in plant-growth promotion and their potential use in agriculture. New research is continuously published in this topic, with increasing sophistication provided by new technologies such as omics. For this reason, this chapter aimed to summarize current knowledge on bacterial endophytes focusing on three major aspects: (1) current knowledge on their bacterial endophytic diversity and regulation by plant and soil factors, (2) functional aspects of bacterial endophytes and available tools to study them, and (3) role of bacterial endophytes on plant fitness and potential manipulation tools in agroecosystems. To fit the scope of this book, which is the rhizosphere, the chapter focused on soil-borne facultative endophytes, even though we acknowledge the relevance of obligate vertically transmitted endophytes.

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Authors and Affiliations

1. Environmental Microbiology of Agro-Ecosystems, School of Environmental Sciences, Alexander Hall, Guelph, ON, Canada Micaela Tosi, Jonathan Gaiero, Nicola Linton, Tolulope Mafa-Attoye, Anibal Castillo & Kari Dunfield

1. Micaela Tosi